Quercus chrysolepis

Quercus chrysolepis is an evergreen tree with significant-sized spreading, horizontal branches, and a broad, rounded crown. The species is found in Mexico and in the western United States, notably in the California Coast Ranges. It is hardy to cold temperatures down to −11 °F, and will grow in neutral to moderately acidic soils with pH ranges of 4.5 to 7.5. The largest known in the San Bernardino Mountains measures 38 m (124 ft) high, with a trunk circumference of 12 m (39 ft 4 in) and a crown spread of 30 m (98 ft) The bark is grayish brown, and rather smooth or sometimes scaly. Both male and female flowers appear on the same plant. The male flowers droop in catkins, and the female flowers originate from leaf axils, usually singly. The fruits are variable in size and shape, but generally ovoid, turban-like with a shallow, thick cup of scales densely covered with yellowish hairs. The leaves are a glossy dark green on the upper surface with prominent spines. The trunk diameter typically ranges from 30 to 100 centimeters (12 to 39 inches)