Compulsory fire service

Compulsory fire services exist in various forms across different countries, each with unique historical and legal contexts. In Switzerland, these services are mandatory in most regions, organized as Militia Fire Brigades. These brigades consist of part-time firefighters who serve alongside their regular professions, except in larger cities where professional firefighters are employed. Approximately 95,000 people serve in Swiss fire brigades, with 92% being male and only 1,200 professionals.

In Austria, the tradition of compulsory fire services dates back to its history as the basis for modern volunteer departments. However, current laws vary by state, with some having abolished forced recruitment while others retain it under specific conditions such as insufficient volunteers or manpower shortages. Germany shares a similar historical background, where mandatory services preceded volunteer brigades. In some municipalities, drafting continues, though it is not widespread.

Singapore integrates fire service conscription into its national service program. Male citizens and permanent residents serve in uniformed services for two years, with assignments in the military, police, or Civil Defence Force, which includes fire-fighting roles.

Hong Kong, as a Special Administrative Region of China, does not have a compulsory fire service system. Instead, it relies on volunteer and professional firefighters for emergency response.