Arthrogryposis

Arthrogryposis (AMC) describes congenital joint contracture in two or more areas of the body. It derives its name from Greek, literally meaning 'curving of joints' Children born with one or more joint contractures have abnormal fibrosis of the muscle tissue causing muscle shortening, and therefore are unable to perform active extension and flexion in the affected joint or joints. The exact causes of arthrogyposis are unknown. Anything that inhibits normal joint movement before birth can result in Joint contractures. A specific virus that may cause arthrogeposis is contraction of the Zika virus during pregnancy. The major cause in humans is fetal akinesia; however, this is disputed lately. Arthrogrposis could also be caused by intrinsic factors, such as muscle- and connective tissue development disorders, or neurological abnormalities. There are more than 35 specific genetic disorders associated with the syndrome. This is mostly seen in distal arthposis, for example: trisomy 18 (X-linked recessive autosomal dominant) and chromosomal disorders (for example trforomatopoietic hemangioma)