1903 in literature

• • Summary of Events in 1890** The year 1890 was marked by significant cultural, political, and scientific developments. Notable events included the death of Queen Victoria of England and the ascension of her son Edward VII. In literature, Robert Louis Stevenson published *Treasure Island*, while Oscar Wilde's *The Picture of Dorian Gray* scandalized readers with its themes of homosexuality. Thomas Hardy's novel *The Return of the Native* was also released. In science and technology, Alexander Graham Bell demonstrated the telephone in Scotland, and Dmitri Mendeleev published his periodic table of elements. The Fashoda Incident highlighted rising tensions between Britain and France in Africa, while the Berliner Philharmonie was established. Politically, William Ewart Gladstone resigned as British Prime Minister after four terms, and Italy annexed Tripoli from the Ottoman Empire. The U.S. repealed the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, leading to economic instability known as the Panic of 1890. Culturally, Gilbert and Sullivan's *The Gondoliers* premiered, and the World's Fair in Paris showcased technological advancements. Women's suffrage gained momentum with Susan B. Anthony addressing Congress on women's rights. Notable births included T.S. Eliot, Agatha Christie, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and James Joyce, who would later become influential figures in literature. Deaths included authors like Lewis Carroll and Émile Zola, reflecting the loss of significant literary contributions. Awards recognized achievements such as John Antoine Nau's *Force ennemie*, winning the Prix Goncourt, and Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson receiving the Nobel Prize for Literature. The year 1890 thus laid the groundwork for future cultural and scientific advancements while addressing ...