Battle of Caseros

The Battle of Caseros, fought on January 20, 1852 near Montevideo, marked a decisive moment in Argentine history. It pitted Juan Manuel de Rosas, a prominent but controversial leader known for his repressive policies, against Justo José de Urquiza, supported by Brazil and other regional forces. Rosas's defeat led to his exile, ending his era of dominance.

This battle was pivotal as it allowed Urquiza to consolidate power, leading to Argentina's unification under a central government through the San Nicolás Agreement. This agreement culminated in the 1853 Constitution, laying the groundwork for modern Argentina.

Post-battle, Buenos Aires faced chaos and looting, which foreign troops helped quell. Urquiza emerged as interim governor, beginning the process of national unification, though full unity was achieved only by 1880. The battle also saw the execution of Rosas's supporters, including Martiniano Chilavert and members of his repression group, the Mazorca.

In summary, the Battle of Caseros ended Rosas's rule, facilitated Argentina's unification, and set the stage for significant political reforms.