Treaty of Hadiach

The Treaty of Hadiach (1658) was an initiative by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to form a union with Ukrainian Cossacks against Russian expansion. It offered autonomy to the Cossacks while integrating them politically and militarily. However, Russia's military intervention and internal pressures led to its failure. Later attempts to revive this vision in the 19th century also failed due to external and internal challenges, resulting in Ukraine's influence shifting towards Russia.

• • Key Points:**

The treaty's ambitious vision of a diverse political union ultimately faced insurmountable obstacles, highlighting the complexities of state-building amidst external threats and internal strife.