LGBTQ history in Spain

The history of LGBTQ rights in Spain spans centuries, marked by periods of persecution and gradual progress toward equality. Early laws against homosexuality were established under Catholic rule in the 6th century, with severe punishments enforced in the 7th century. The Spanish Inquisition further targeted sodomites with capital punishment starting in the 13th century.

The Enlightenment era saw some liberalization, leading to sodomy's decriminalization in 1822. However, under Francisco Franco's regime (1939-1975), homosexuality was illegalized and harshly punished, though underground LGBTQ communities persisted. Post-Franco reforms began with the first pride march in 1977, despite repression, and decriminalization in 1979.

The late 20th and early 21st centuries marked significant progress: same-sex marriage was legalized in 2005, joint adoption followed in 2003, and Spain hosted Europride 2007 in Madrid. Recent events include addressing Franco-era persecution through reparations and the tragic 2021 murder of Samuel Luiz, highlighting ongoing challenges but also strides toward social tolerance.