Nitrogen dioxide poisoning

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a toxic gas that poses significant risks to human health, particularly in industrial and agricultural settings. Its primary effects include severe irritation of the mucous membranes, eyes, nose, throat, and lungs, potentially leading to burns and respiratory issues. Prolonged exposure can result in chronic lung diseases such as bronchiolitis obliterans.

In terms of reproductive health, NO2 affects both genders differently. In males, it reduces the production of Sertoli cells, crucial for sperm development, thereby impairing fertility. For females, oxidative stress from NO2 exposure disrupts normal reproductive processes by altering reactive oxygen species balance, leading to issues like endometriosis, birth defects, and reduced reproductive lifespan.

Additionally, NO2 inhibits key enzymes in the body's antioxidant defense system, causing free radical damage and conditions such as favism. Overall, NO2's effects highlight the importance of proper safety measures and education regarding its risks in various settings.