Maragheh observatory

The Maragheh Observatory, established in 1259 under Hulagu Khan's patronage during the Ilkhanid period, stands as a monumental site in the history of astronomy. Located near Maragheh, Iran, it was designed by the renowned Persian astronomer Nasir al-Din Tusi and housed over 100 astronomers. The observatory played a crucial role in advancing astronomical knowledge, notably through its replacement of Ptolemy's models with new geometric theories.

During its active period, significant contributions were made, including improved planetary models and observational tools like the Maragheh Globe, enhancing accuracy in celestial measurements. These advancements influenced later institutions such as Ulugh-Bey's Observatory in Samarkand and China's Gaocheng Observatory.

The observatory faced decline after losing patronage following Hulagu Khan's death in 1265 and subsequent earthquakes. By the 14th century, it lay in ruins. Rediscovery began with Parviz Varjavand's excavation in 1972, uncovering structures like the central tower, instrument platforms, workshops, and a library, highlighting its scientific layout and activities.

Efforts to preserve this historical site have included protective measures and recent renovations managed by Tabriz University, ensuring its heritage is maintained for future generations. The Maragheh Observatory remains a testament to medieval Islamic astronomy's achievements and enduring legacy.