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Castel del Monte, built by Frederick II in Apulia during the 13th century, is a unique octagonal castle with two floors that blends Romanesque, Gothic, and Islamic architectural styles. Constructed between 1229-1232, it served as a symbolic structure of Frederick's power rather than a traditional fortress. Some scholars suggest its design may align with astronomical observations, though this remains debated.

During World War II, the castle was used by the U.S. Army as a secret navigational aid station named Big Fence. After being abandoned and purchased by Italy in 1876, restoration began in 1928, highlighting its enduring historical significance.

Culturally, Castel del Monte inspired Umberto Eco's fortress in "The Name of the Rose" and was featured in the film "Tale of Tales." Surrounding it is a DOC wine region producing red, white, and rosé wines from specific grape varieties, adding to its regional importance.

Despite popular theories linking it to the Knights Templar or mystical themes, historians emphasize its role within Frederick II's fortification system without Templar connections. This castle remains a significant historical and cultural landmark with diverse influences and uses over centuries.