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Burkina Faso–China relations are characterized by shifting alliances and strategic partnerships over several decades. Initially, Burkina Faso (formerly known as Upper Volta) established diplomatic ties with Taiwan in 1964 after gaining independence. This recognition lasted until 1973 when Burkina Faso switched its official recognition to the People's Republic of China (PRC), aligning with the broader international community's acknowledgment of Beijing.

From 1973 to 1994, relations between Burkina Faso and China remained limited but active, focusing on projects and financial cooperation. However, in 1994, Burkina Faso re-established diplomatic ties with Taiwan due to economic challenges and the financial incentives offered by Taipei. This decision led to a suspension of relations with China.

In a significant shift, Burkina Faso severed ties with Taiwan on May 24, 2018, and re-established diplomatic relations with the PRC two days later during a ceremony in Beijing. Since then, cooperation between the two nations has grown, particularly under the Belt and Road Initiative, which focuses on collaboration in healthcare and infrastructure.

Additionally, Burkina Faso's foreign policy aligned with China on international stages, such as when its UN ambassadors signed a joint letter defending China's policies toward Uyghurs in 2019. In 2021, Burkina Faso's ambassador to China expressed support for Beijing's approach in Xinjiang.