Religion in Gabon

Christianity is the dominant religion in Gabon, with over 80% of the population adhering to various Christian denominations. The majority identifies as Nondenominational Christian (40.4%) or Catholic (22.5%), according to a 2022 Afrobarometer survey. Islam, primarily Sunni, is practiced by more than 10%, while traditional faiths and other religions account for 5-10%. Gabon is secular, with the constitution guaranteeing religious freedom, though some groups report challenges in registering officially.

Christianity arrived in Gabon through Portuguese traders in the 16th century. Italian Capuchin friars established missions in the 17th century, but their collaboration with Portuguese missionaries ended in the 18th century when they were expelled in 1777. By the mid-19th century, new Catholic and Protestant missions emerged. French colonial rule in the late 19th to mid-20th centuries brought more Christian groups. Evangelical churches have grown significantly since the mid-20th century.

Traditional beliefs persist, particularly among the Babongo people, who practice Bwiti rituals centered on nature and jungle animals. These practices have blended with animism and Christianity, creating a unique modern form of Bwiti. Islam's presence in Gabon is relatively small but notable, especially after former President Omar Bongo converted to Islam in 1973, leading Gabon to join the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation in 1974.

The government generally respects religious freedom, scoring 3 out of 4 for religious freedom in 2023. In 2016, the Orthodox Church gained official recognition, with plans to build a church in Libreville.