Lon Levavasseur

Léon Levavasseur (1863–1922) was a French engineer, aircraft designer, and inventor known for innovations like the V8 engine, direct fuel injection, and liquid cooling systems. Born in Le Mesnil-au-Val, France, he studied fine arts before switching to engineering, focusing on arc lamps and petrol engines. In 1902, Levavasseur partnered with industrialist Jules Gastambide to found the Antoinette company, naming it after Gastambide's daughter. The company specialized in producing powerful, lightweight engines for aviation, with Levavasseur patenting the V8 configuration that year.

By 1904, Antoinette engines were used in many European prize-winning speedboats. The company incorporated in 1906, with Gastambide as president and Levavasseur as technical director, included aviation pioneer Louis Blériot as vice-president. Despite Blériot's caution against manufacturing aircraft (to avoid competing with customers), Antoinette began building planes, leading to Blériot's departure.

In 1909, Antoinette engines gained prominence through Hubert Latham's performances in international competitions. However, Latham's failed attempts to cross the English Channel overshadowed their success. Levavasseur was later honored as a Chevalier of the French Legion of Honor for his contributions. The company faced financial struggles after its aircraft design, the Monobloc, failed military trials.

After Antoinette's bankruptcy, Levavasseur continued experimenting with innovative aircraft designs until his death in 1922. His later work included a variable wing surface concept, which was acquired by the French government. Despite his achievements, Levavasseur died in poverty.