Folliculogenesis

• • Folliculogenesis Overview**

Folliculogenesis is the complex biological process through which primordial follicles develop into mature ovarian follicles capable of releasing an egg during ovulation. This journey begins in early fetal life when primordial follicles are formed, and continues postnatally, with these follicles being activated over time.

• • Developmental Stages**

The development of follicles occurs in distinct phases: primary, secondary, and tertiary stages. During each menstrual cycle, several primary follicles initiate growth under the influence of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH). Typically, only one follicle matures to release an egg as an ovum during ovulation, while others may degenerate.

• • Hormonal Regulation**

Hormones play a pivotal role in this process. FSH stimulates the initial growth of follicles, while Luteinizing Hormone (LH) triggers ovulation and subsequent corpus luteum formation. Anti-Müllerian hormone levels influence the number of antral follicles, providing insights into ovarian reserve.

• • Ovarian Reserve and Aging**

The ovarian reserve diminishes with age as women lose non-growing follicles. By age 30, about 10% remain, leading to reduced fertility. Age-related decline in DNA repair mechanisms, particularly homologous recombination, contributes to the depletion of oocyte reserves, impacting fertility.

This summary encapsulates the essential aspects of folliculogenesis, highlighting its stages, hormonal regulation, and the factors affecting ovarian reserve, providing a comprehensive understanding of this critical reproductive process.