Behavior-based robotics

Behavior-based robotics (BBR) is an approach where robots exhibit complex behaviors through adaptability and sensory-motor interactions, rather than relying on internal state models or preprogrammed calculations. Unlike traditional AI, which uses step-by-step problem-solving with internal representations, BBR systems react to their environment using real-time sensor input.

Key features of BBR include reactivity, where robots gather information solely from sensors, allowing them to adapt to environmental changes. These robots often demonstrate biological-like actions, appearing more dynamic and less deliberate than traditional computing-intensive robots. They can exhibit qualities such as tenacity and are sometimes compared to insects, aligning with the weak AI classification.

The foundational work in BBR began in the 1980s at MIT by Rodney Brooks, who introduced subsumption architecture, emphasizing simplicity and low cost. Earlier milestones include W. Grey Walter's vacuum tube robots from the 1950s and Valentino Braitenberg's book on synthetic psychology, which explored complex behaviors through simple wired systems.

Later developments include BEAM robotics, inspired by Mark Tilden, who minimized computational needs using logic chips and analog circuits. Research also extends to multi-robot teams, focusing on coordinated group behavior.

Overall, BBR represents a shift towards more biologically-inspired, adaptable robotic systems that react dynamically to their surroundings.